LAB EQUIPMENT SAFETY DATA

LAB EQUIPMENT SAFETY


AUTO DISTILLATION UNIT


PURPOSE
Distillation test determine the distillation rang of petroleum products to specify the product composition and also help to assess the validity of the product. It also determines the molecular containments which would cause re-light problems at altitude or potential damage to the hot section of engine.


MAIN PARAMETERS
    BATH LIQUID : DISTILLED WATER (5 ◦C to 95 ◦C)
    LIQUID LEVEL :  2 – 5 cm below the cover plane

    MAINS POWER :  230 V +- 10%, 50/60Hz, 5A, 1400W
         
  OPERATING TEMPERATURE :  +10 to +35 *C


  SOFTWARE USED :  ONLY “ADUCON”


OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

• Before switching on ADU-4, the printer has to be switched ON to make sure the Header will be printed with the actual date.
• When testing in boiling group 0, after taking out the graduated cylinder and cleaning the tube, the chamber has to be put into working position to avoid freezing of the cooling chamber.
• If the cooling chamber is not set into working position, no distilling test can be started. 
• When using your own cryostat, the use of connection tubes with an inner diameter of at least 10mm is strongly recommended.
• To avoid condensation out of the chamber, the cooling chamber has to be set into test position after having taken out the graduated cylinder.
• If during the test, the condenser temperature deviates more than +10% or above 61*C, the test is stopped automatically for safety reasons.
• During distillation, if there is deviation of more than +2ml/min, the program stops automatically for safety reasons.
• A missing or incorrectly placed drip tongue may be the reason for a lot of errors, insert it according to fig 11-0540M.
• If the display is not lighted after switch on, see the Fuse.
• If the sample-PT100 is broken or not connected, then the sample temperature will not be indicated.
• The mounting should only be done using gloves or appropriate protection. 
• Make use of safety goggles and gloves; provide fire extinguishing devices and functions.
• The device should be kept in protected place, protect from drought and sunlight.

WARNINGS:
 

• The heating device and the sample might be very HOT, avoid touching without protection.
• If distillation flask bursts during operation, the leaking sample and the glass splinters flying about might cause danger. (Use safety Goggles and Gloves).
• The magnetic valve for supply of extinguishing gas can only be switched, if mains voltage is there. It is connected dead! When there is fire, never disconnect from the mains or switch off the device. (This is in case of automatic fire extinguisher connected)
• Use only porous boiling stones for analytical purposes for distillation tests.
• Do not use boiling stones made of glass or Teflon. 
• Do not put boiling stones into hot liquid. 

MAINTENANCE

WEEKLY:
Cleaning of tempering chamber (place of measuring cylinder).
MONTHLY:
Check/refill of liquid level in circulating cooler.
YEARLY:
Calibration of temperature sensors for accuracy by specialist or trained user.
Calibration of tempering chamber for volume light barriers by specialist or trained user.

FLASH POINT UNIT

PURPOSE:
It determines the fuel contamination (mixing) of relatively non-volatile or non-flammable materials with volatile or flammable materials, if not conforming to the specified limits can cause on-board aircraft fires.


SUMMERY OF METHOD
PENSKY-MARTIN automated closed-cup apparatus is used with a slower (equilibrium) heating rate and constant pressure, applies an ignition source causing vapors of specimen of the sample to ignite under specified test conditions.


OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Check Flash Point Unit for cleanliness, security of electric wires, sensors and other connections.
Use a chilled sample.
Set values (parameters).


SAFE LIMIT: (FOR JP-8, FLASH SHOULD NOT OCCUR BEFORE 100 *F)

WARNINGS

• Test samples are flammable, volatile and toxic; always use safety glasses and protective clothing while operating the instrument.
• Tip of the igniter is fragile, handle with care.
• The IGNITER, LID, CUP and TEST AREA may be very hot, up to 400*C.
• Do not use Air Blast Pipe while sample cup is still located in the test area.
• While switching between the temperature units, the value currently displayed may not be converted. Always set the temperature units first, and then alter the other parameters.
• The maximum pressure of the compressed air for cooling (if used), must not exceed 670 KPA (100 PSI).
• Do not lubricate the dipping mechanism, the shutter and the stirrer.

MAINTENANCE

AFTER EACH TEST
Wipe the sample cup clean
Wipe the lid, shutter and stirrer clean
Wipe the sample probe clean
   
DAILY CHECKS
                            Check the cup, shutter, stirrer and sample probe for cleaning.
                           Wipe the exterior of the bath clean for spillage, splashes and residues.
SIX MONTHLY
                           Wipe the sample cup, lid, shutter, stirrer, sample probe and the exterior of the bath clean of                       spillages, splashes and residues. Thoroughly clean the Lid by removing the flash detector and sample part, use solvent soaked rag and then allow to dry air and then refit the flash detector and sample part. Check the stirrer Flexible Drive Shaft for damage of drive ends, tightness of grub screws and excessive permanent bend.
Wipe clean the exterior of the complete unit.


12 MONTHLY:
Calibration of Sample Part.

KV2 VISCOMETER BATH

SCOPE
This test method specifies procedure for the determination of the kinematics viscosity, “v” of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, “n” can be obtained by multiplying the kinematics viscosity, “v” by the density, “p” of the liquid.


SIGNIFICANCE
Higher than specified limit create a combustor burner profile conductive to hot streaks and resultant combustor / turbine damage or potential failure.


SUMMERY OF METHOD
The time is measured for a fix volume of liquid to flow under gravity through the capillary of a calibrated viscometer under a reproducible driving head ands at a closely controlled and known temperature. The kinematics viscosity is the product of the measured flow time and the calibrating constant of the viscometer.
Taken sample of JP – 8 10ml in viscometer tube. Suck the sample fuel to red line upper level, and start the time, when the sample reach the lower red line stop the watch and note the time.


 Bath liquid =    Methyl Alcohol or De-Natured Ethyl Alcohol.
 Viscosity   =    Time / factor (65.29) = mm2 / s  
 Limit         =     8.0 mm2 / s


CHECKS BEFORE STARTING WORK

• Make use of safety goggles and protective clothing.
• Make sure that, Power requirement i.e. (220V 10A Fused), is correct.
• Fluid level 1.5 to 2.5 cm below the lip of test aperture at 20*C.
• Ambient temperature 30*C, temperature range +20*C to -40*C.

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

• Switch the mains on/off switch to “ON”.
• Check that the fluid level lamp is illuminated green.
• Switch the backlight on/off switch to “ON”.
• Check that the backlight lamp is illuminated green.
• Switch the stirrer on/off switch to “ON”.
• Check that the stirrer lamp is illuminated green.
• Check that the safety condition lamp is illuminated green.
• Check that the alarm lamp is “NOT” illuminated.
• Switch the refrigeration on/off switch to “ON”.
• Check that the refrigeration lamp is illuminated green.
• Follow the procedure set out in the method of test. 

MAINTENANCE
    6 Monthly :  Cleaning / Brushing of Air Grills.


    12 Monthly:-
Verification of temperature control system, according to Manual.
Low fluid level switch, testing according to Manual.




TWIN – COLUMN ADSORPTION APPARATUS 


SCOPE
The Twin Column Adsorption Apparatus is used to provide volume percent composition values on petroleum fraction containing saturate, olefins and aromatics according to their adsorption affinities on silica gel. Fluorescent dyes are used to visualize the fractions.


SIGNIFICANCE
The determination of the total volume percent of saturates, olefins and aromatics in petroleum fractions is important. This information is also important in characterizing petroleum fractions. Aromatics / Olefins could cause severe damage to hot section components and reduce turbine and combustor life.


SUMMARY OF METHOD
Fill the silica gel till 1410mm inside the tube, then drop fluorescent (di gel) dye as indicator from 2mm to 5mm. After that fill again silica gel till 1610mm then drop 0.75ml sample (JP-8) after filling the sample, fill isopropyl alcohol till the end and set pressure first on 14kpa for 2.5min then 34kpa for 2.5min again to adjust  the pressure constantly on 60kpa. Wait for more than 15min start to make the bands of colours such as red brown, intense blue and intense yellow then  take readings on the scale.


CALCULATIONS
Aromatics % volume   =       La / L X100
Olefins% volume        =        La / L X100
Saturates% volume    =        La / L X100


VISUAL CHECKS

• Check that the UV lamp is securely attached.
• Check that the glassware is secure and undamaged.
• Check the gas connections for tightness and any flexible gas pipes for cracking and hardening.       
• Check the mains lead and connector for signs of damage. Power required 220V AC 1A Fused.

OPERATION CHECKS

• Check that valve on the control panel operates smoothly.
• Check that the pressure gauges are functioning.
• The max pressure of the air/Nitrogen gas supply should be 110 KPA.

WARNING: -
Do not look directly at the UV light. Prolong viewing could cause damage  to the Eyes, use safety goggles.
Do not exceed the maximum pressure required by the test method otherwise   the Glass-ware may be pressurized and burst.

FT-IR SPECTROMETER

MODEL: SPECTRUM 100

PURPOSE
Spectrum 100 FT – IR spectrometer is used for quantities determination of corrosion inhibiter of both brands HI-TECH 515 & HI-TECH 580.


SIGNIFICANCE
Insufficient lubricity qualities of fuel could cause the excessive wear and premature failure of fuel system components and may even result in excessive wear of internal splices of fuel pumps. It provides corrosion protection and lubricates fuel system components.


PRINCIPLE OF WORK
It is a kind of spectrometer able to measure the different waves number in a spectrum, usually in the infrared regions. The infrared beam enters the sample compartment through an aperture on the left. After passing through the sample, it enters the detector area through an aperture on right side of the sample compartment.


OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Operate the machine and its software according to the Manual.
Give a warm up time to the machine, the instrument can take up to    2 hours to equilibrate (Two HRS warm up time).

WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS

• Do make sure the instrument is properly connected to the grounded (earth provided) electrical supply of (100 to 230V). 
• Keep the instrument dry; avoid spilling liquid into the instrument. Clean external spills immediately, if it enters the main body, switch off the power and call the Perkins Elmer Engineer. 
• Do not look at internal LASER beam along its axis.
• Do not purge the instrument with flammable gas. Only use dry, clean and oil-free Nitrogen air.
• Keep the instrument indoor under ambient temperature 5*C to 40*C and relative humidity of 80% up to 31*C.
• Working temperature 15*C to 35*C and relative humidity 75% maximum (non-condensing). If your instrument is fitted with CsI optics, then humidity should not exceed 45%.
• During operation there should be a minimum gap of 6 inches between any surface and cooling louvers at the rear of the instrument.
• Provide a gap of 3 inches to the adjacent equipment and 18 inches gap on the top surface.
• Flammable solvents or samples should not be stored on or near the instrument. Handling of such materials during preparation should be performed in a safe area away from instrument such as a fume cabinet.
• The sample compartment is highly affected by humidity. While working with water-based samples open to the air, either purge the compartment or leave the cover open.
• Do not use damaged packs of Desiccant, and they have not been left in contact with the air.
• If all three sectors of the Desiccant indicator are pink or white, then you must change the Desiccant. DO NOT switch the instrument ON or OFF until all sectors are blue.

EXISTENT GUM TESTER

SCOPE
This test method covers the determination of the non volatile residue in aviation turbine fuels and gasoline’s.
SIGNIFICANCE
Excessive gum content in fuel brings about sticking of the valve steams and clogging of filters and other orifices in the fuel system. All these effects are reflected in uncertain engine performance. A max figure is specified as excessive quantities of gum in the fuel will lead to blocking of fine orifices in fuel system.


SUMMARY OF METHOD
A measured quantity of fuel is evaporated under controlled condition of temperature and pressure. For aviation gasoline’s and aviation turbine fuels, the resulting residue is weighted and reported as mg/100ml.


TEST LIMITS
FUEL MIN MAX

JP-8/JP-1  -       7.0 mg/100ml
100LL  -       3.0 mg/100ml  


WARNING AND INSTRUCTIONS:

• Always wear safety glasses and protective clothing.
• Some parts are very HOT take care.
• Check electrical, steam and air supply properly.
• Purge the system for use with steam and air first.
• Set the target temperature on DIGITAL TEMP CONTROLLER to 165 *C for air and 232 *C for steam use.

MAINTENANCE
CLEANING: Wipe spills immediately, clean and flush jet assemblies regularly.


VERIFICATION:

• Verify the Air and Steam flow settings every Six (6) month.
• Verify DIGITAL TEMP CONTROLLER every Six(6) months.
• Verify Over-temperature cut-out every 12 months.

FULTON STEAM BOILER

PURPOSE
The purpose of this boiler is to produce steam required for Existent Gum testing in the Gum Bath.


PARAMETERS:


POWER RATING:              12 KW

MAX ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE:           200 *C
MAX ALLOWABLE PRESSURE:            6.2 Bar
TEST PRESSURE:          9.3 Bar
CAPACITY:          376 Kg/Hr


WARNING AND INSTRUCTIONS

• Before power ON, ensure door and panel are closed.
• Open the steam valve. 
• Open all the valves in the feed water line.
• Switch the power isolator switch to ON position, then press the Boiler ON/OFF switch to ON position.
• If the LOW WATER LEVEL “LED” is ON, ensure pump is running (in right direction) with alarm and the heater element light is “Extinguished” until the required level of water is maintained.
• Always isolate electrical supply while opening the Door or Top Panel.  

MAINTENANCE
DAILY INSPECTION:-

• Check that the water level control is working.
• Blow down the Boiler (in case of daily use).

WEEKLY INSPECTION:-

• Check external mounted tank for cleaning and obstruction.
• Door area and controls for signs of leakage and element contactors for operating correctly (depress manually).
• All fittings for signs of leakage.

3 MONTHLY

• Isolate water supply, blow down the boiler through blow down receptacle.
• Remove the element, check the excessive scale or corrosion, clean as required and examine the interior of the boiler for deposits of scale and sludge. Replace the element with new gas kit.
• Check all electrical connections for tightness.

COPPER CORROSION TESTER

SCOPE
Sulphur compounds could cause damage to the fuel nozzles, combustor and turbines.
This test method covers the detection of corrosiveness to Copper of aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, automotive gasoline and natural gasoline having the Reid Vapour Pressure not greater than 18 PSI and certain other petroleum products. The copper strip corrosion test is designed to assess the relative degree of corrosivity of a petroleum product.

SUMMARY OF METHOD
A polished Copper Strip is immersed in a given quantity of sample and heated at    100 oC temperature for the period of two hours. At the end of this period the Copper Strip is removed, washed and compared with the ASTM Copper Strip Corrosion Standards.


TEST LIMITS

FUEL   MIN MAX          


JP-8  -  1
JP-1  -  1
100LL   -  1


OPERATIONAL CHECKS

• Check for cleanliness of bath and its liquid.
• Check for proper electric connections, security and ratings (220V AC 15A FUSED). Power consumption is 2.2KW.
• Set the Bath temperature to 100*C (Not more than 100*C).
• Clean the copper strips with Silicon carbide dust and fine emery paper of grade 500.
• Place the sample with strip in test tube in the bomb vessel and immersed in bath for 2 hours at 100*C. 

WARNING: Products of high vapour pressure (above 18 PSI) must not be   placed in 100*C Bath.

READ VAPOUR PRESSURE BATH

SCOPE
This test method provides procedure for the determination of vapor pressure of gasoline, Aviation Turbine fuel and other volatile petroleum products.


SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Vapour pressure is an important physical property of volatile liquids. This test method is use to determine the vapour pressure at 100 ºF of petroleum products with initial boiling point above 0 ºC (32 ºF). Vapour pressure is critically important for both automotive and aviation gasoline’s, affecting starting, warm-up and tendency of vapour lock with high operating temperature and high altitude.


SUMMARY OF METHOD
The liquid chamber of the Vapour pressure apparatus is filled with chilled sample and connected to the vapour chamber that has been heated to 37.8 ºC (100 ºF) in a bath. The assembled apparatus is immersed in a bath at 37.8 ºC (100 ºF) until a constant pressure is observed. The reading suitably corrected is reported as the read vapour pressure.


TEST LIMITS


FUEL MIN MAX


JP-8 Negligible Negligible
100LL 5.5PSI 7.0 PSI


CHECKS REQUIRED

• Bath water level, 25mm beneath the bath rim.
• Desired temperature is 37.8 *C.
• Excess temperature protection is 45 *C. 

WARNING:

• Never operate the bath with out the   bath fluid in   the bath.
• While handling with manometer, ensure   that Mercury column is sealed and air tight and avoid its spillage because it can harm health. 

VACUUM PUMP (55L)

PURPOSE
This is used to produce vacuum required by SAFCON SAMPLER.


OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

• Ensure electrical connection to 110 V AC supply.
• Ensure exhaust provision.
• Ensure proper air pipe connection.
• Observe the oil level glass window (oil level should not be below mid point of window. The system should not also be overfilled).
• Take every precaution to prevent foreign objects / particles from entering into the pump.

MAINTENANCE


WEEKLY:
                  Purge the pump by opening gas ballast valve and operating up to 45-60 minutes. (Valve open).


 ANNUALLY:
Change oil according to Manual.

SAFCON SAMPLER

PURPOSE
It is designed for portable line sampling to determine particulate contamination and colour ratings of aviation fuel.
SCOPE
Excessive particulate matter can cause blockage of filters, fuel jets, combustor streaking which could result in damage to the nozzle diaphragm and turbine brackets.


OPERATIONAL CHECKS

• Carry out initial checks.
• Flush the system (fuel lines) for every new sample.
• Adjust pressure to give flow of 1 to 2 Liters per minute.

MAINTENANCE CHECKS
Periodically check all the piping and components, for fuel leaks.

LABORATORY OVEN

WARNING AND INSTRUCTIONS

• Watch for electric connection (plug and wiring).
• Do not place flammable solvents or vapors in the oven.
• Do not place combustible materials in the oven.
• Do not place work directly on perforated oven bottom. Place the load vertically aligned. For    maximum uniformity the work should be placed in the middle of the oven workspace.
• Do not attempt to operate oven at temperatures above the maximum rating of the oven.
• For drying application the air circulation damper should be fully open to allow moisture to escape and be replaced by dry room air.
• Operate in normal mode only (not in weekly or programmed mode).
• When the oven is not in use the on-off switch must be turned off.

SETTING VALUES:- After holding down SET key for 3 seconds, the current operating mode flashes on display and can be altered by Push/Turn control knob.
If the Push/Turn control knob or the SET key, have not been operated for 30 seconds, the controller automatically returns to main menu.


MAINTENANCE
                                 CLEAN REGULARLY TO PREVENT DEPOSITS ON CHAMBER SURFACE.


QUARTERLY:-  Lubricate moving parts (door hinges & closures) using thin silicon grease. Check hinge screw for tightness.

X-RAY SULPHUR METER

MODEL RX-360SH

SCOPE
SULPHUR present in the distillate fuels can attack many metallic and non metallic materials. When the Doctor Test is found to be +ive for a given sample, then amount of Sulphur is calculated by X-RAY SULPHUR METER.


OPERATIONAL CHECKS

• Check power plug and wiring. Ensure rated voltage and frequency is available.
• Warm the system up for 30 minutes before usage.

CARE AND MAINTENANCE

• Do not put flammable matters near product.
• Do not expose to water drops, sunlight, shocks and vibrations.
• Do not disassemble, modify or repair the product.
• Turn off power supply at once at smoke or abnormal odor or noise.
• Turn off power supply during a long period suspension. 

MYLER FILM REPLACEMENT:

• Turn off the power supply, before starting the work.
• While removing and attaching a sample cell flange, perform carefully not to soil to be unable to touch internal parts (proportional counter).
• Analysis value direction may change after Miler film replacement, perform multi-point auto calibration.

AIR COMPRESSOR

PURPOSE
To provide constant supply of air to be used in GUM Bath.


TANK CAPACITY: 300 LTR
PRESSURE:         220 PSI




OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS


DAILY:

• Check / maintain oil level.
• Drain condensation from air receiver.
• Check condition of electric wiring, parts, hoses and pipes.
• Check V-belts and machine components.
• Check for any un-usual noise or vibrations.

WEEKLY:

• Clean air filters
• Clean all external part.

MONTHLY:
· Check / adjust belt pressure.


QUARTERLY: Change oil.

DEHUMIDIFIER

PURPOSE
This equipment is used to control the humidity of room containing sensitive Lab equipment.


WARNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS

• Correct power supply requirement is 200 V AC to 240 V AC 48-53 Hz single phase 13 A protected supply.
• Before plugging on the power, turn the Humidity Control Switch to the OFF position.
• After power is plugged in, turn ON the machine and the switch should be on recommended position i.e 4 to 6.
• While turning off, first put the switch to OFF position, observe the fan and compressor cut off, then switch off mains power.
• The compressor will restart only after 3-4 minutes delay each time the compressor is turned off.
• Do not change the position of selector switch quickly while machine is ON. If the machine stop running at selected humidity level, it is normal, to check if the machine is working or not, move the control switch clock wise one degree to a lower unit, once the machine proves to work, level it ON for at least 2 minutes before turning the control switch to the correct position. This checking should not be done more than two times.
• Do not spill water or chemicals on the machine.
• Do not operate on a damaged cable or plug or machine itself.
• Disconnect power before cleaning or relocating.
• Do not place objects (heavy/sharp) on the top of machine.
• Do not tilt the machine to one side, keep it upright all the times. If tilted, must not be powered on for at least one hour. Keep away from obstruction (wall) 2 meters on front side and 6-8 inch rear side.
• Check the filter weekly and clean if necessary.

UPS

OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

• Make sure that input voltage of the UPS matches the main supply voltage and grounding is properly done.
• After the mains utility (power supply) is made available, press the power ON button and wait for 10 seconds. Make sure that the utility LED and “power on” LED are ON.
• Now make sure that “Battery Low” Red LED is not ON. (if yes, then charge the UPS).
• Put the load ON, which should not be of higher power rating than that of UPS?

WARNINGS

• Do not touch the out put terminals directly (It has its own internal energy source).
• Do not open the casing for checking or repair etc. Do not open the batteries.
• Do not put out / put load until 7-10 seconds while starting the UPS. 

MAINTENANCE


(NO SPECIAL / PERIODIC MAINTENANCE REQUIRED)

• Avoid from dusty, corrosive (excessive moisture) and salty environments.
• Keep all its ventilation openings free from obstruction and keep 8 inch away from the wall.
• If the UPS remains un-used for 2-3 month, recharge for 12 hours.

Glass distillation unit

Scope
Glass distillation unit is Ideal for general Laboratory use capable of producing pyrogen free distilled water.
Features:
The Unit provides, 4 litres/hr. of distilled water produced through a power input of 3KW by a Chromium Plated heater housed in a horizontal Borosilicate Glass Boiler (Pyrex Brand Borosilicate Glass). Temperature of distillate 25oC - 40oCtested for ambient room temperature of 30oC.


Specifications:
Dimensions (w x d x h)
IPH 4 50cm x 15cm x 45cm
Weight 6 kg. approx.
Electrical 220/240V, 50/60Hz. Single phase.
Power 3KW Heater
Water Supply Min. Flow rate 1 Litre / min.
Min. Pressure 3 p.s.i


Warning and instructions:

• Carefully handle the apperatus, watch for pipe/hose joints, it should be tight and leakfree.
• Due to heavy electric load of 3kw,  ensure proper electrical connection (plug & cable).
• Avoid touching the heater when the instrument is ON.
• Ensure the 'inlet' and 'outlet' water pipe/hose are free of obstruction.
• Never operate the instrument for the number of hours continously ; (extra power consumption and overheating of electric cable and plug) 

Maintenance:
Weekly:   Drain the water and clean the apperatus thoroughly.
3 Monthly: Drain the water and clean the apperatus thoroughly.
                                Inspect for any damage or crack, check the pipe/hoses for obstruction and joints for   tightness (Purge or Clean if necessary). Inspect the Heater body, cable and plug for any damage/abnormality (Clean Carbon deposits on plug and socket).

FSII TEST KIT

SCOPE
Jet fuel naturally has a small amount of suspended water. To help protect the water in the fuel from freezing,
Icing inhibitors have a significant use in aviation fuel and can be extracted from the fuel with the presence of water This test is used to assure the additive content is at the proper concentrations using a specialized refractometer.


Refractometer:
A refractometer works on the principle of refraction, the bending of light waves as they pass from one substance into another. Factors that influence refraction include temperature and the physical properties of the medium through which the light is traveling.


Sample preparation instructions:

• Be sure that all sample container and measurement container are clean before use.
• Use the distilled water. (recommended)

      Sample proportion:


      Range:


Test Limit =
Nonlinear temperature compensation is automatic and insures that fluids read between 32 to 122°F (0 and 50°C) are measured accurately.


Safe handling:

• Proper safety glasses, gloves and protective clothing and equipment should be used.
• Properly dispose of all test fluids, clean refractometer and store in the case. Wash the other components with soapy water, rinse and dry.

Maintenance:
Calibration is automatic and does not require the use of special calibration solutions, or tools.

ANALYTICAL WEIGHING BALANCE

SCOPE
The analytical balance is used to measure mass to a very high degree of precision and accuracy. It measures to a high precision (0.1 mg or better). As it is more sophisticated, so requiring more care while handling and storage.


INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

• Set up the balance on a stable, even surface (benchtop or floor) in a dust-free room.
• The required electric power must be filtered and stable. 
• Do not install the balance in a place with air flows, heavy thermal changes and vibrations.
• Level the balance using bubble and leveling feet. 
• Connect correct power supply (i.e 110 Volt AC) and wait a few seconds. The balance will automatically switch on.
• Wait 30 minutes from switch on.
• Calibrate the balance again every time it is removed from previous place. (Check balance calibration periodically).
• Never overload a lab balance. 
• Protect the balance from aggressive chemical vapours.
• Do avoid electric and magnetic fields around the balance. . Avoid spillages of liquid on to the balance.

SAYBOLT CHROMO METER

Purpose
Saybolt chromometer is used for quality control of highly refined liquids like undyed motor and aviation gasolines, jet fuels, naphtas, kerosene and petroleum waxes (if fitted with suitable attachment). It also determines if contaminants are present in fuel. It measures colour by comparing a column of sample against colour discs.
Procedure:
The equipment comprises of a graduated glass sample column with a clear glass base, and a plain glass tube with a three position turret containing colour filter discs(1/2, 1 & 2). An eyepiece provides a split-field view of both the column and tube. Illumination is from a light source in the base of the unit. The height of a column of sample is adjusted until it matches the colour disc in the reference tube. The height is then read off the graduations and expressed in Saybolt units.


Instructions:

• Rinse the sample column with the fuel sample to be tested and then fill it.
• Use the nearest colour disc first, then drain the fuel sample as required.
• Be careful not to spill the sample over the equipment, in case of spills wipe out immediately.

Maintenance:
From time to time check all hardware for tightness, if there is leak in drain petcock, replace the silicon grease sealant, or use new type of cock to avoid leakage or rapid damaging by solvents.


NOTE:- If the instrument does not operate, check for mains power supply, cable, plug, fuse and bulb. If the bulb is faulty, replace it.